Which of the following can help reduce overall energy consumption in systems?

Dynamic resource allocation is an effective strategy for reducing overall energy consumption in systems. This approach involves adjusting the resources allocated to various processes based on current demand. By dynamically scaling resources—such as processing power, memory usage, and network bandwidth—systems can operate more efficiently.

For instance, during periods of low demand, the system can downscale resources to match the needs, which significantly reduces the energy consumed. Conversely, during high demand, resources can be allocated appropriately to ensure performance without exceeding energy expenditure. This flexibility not only enhances energy efficiency but also optimizes performance and responsiveness.

In contrast, higher computational power often leads to increased energy consumption, especially if it's not fully utilized. Redundant processing can escalate energy demands since multiple processes or systems may be working on the same tasks simultaneously, unnecessarily duplicating effort and energy usage. Fixed frequency operation fails to account for variations in demand, meaning systems operate at a constant level regardless of actual needs, which can lead to wasteful energy use during lower activity periods. Dynamic resource allocation circumvents these issues by adapting to real-time operational requirements, making it a powerful method for energy management.