What does the term 'actuator' refer to in a CPS node?

The term 'actuator' in the context of a CPS (Cyber-Physical Systems) node specifically refers to a component that executes user commands by affecting the physical world. Actuators are essential in systems that require interaction with physical processes, as they translate signals or commands from the control algorithms into actions. This could involve moving a robotic arm, opening a valve, adjusting a heating system, or any other action that modifies the environment according to the system's objectives.

Actuators play a crucial role in bridging the gap between the digital control systems and the physical operations. They receive instructions from the control components of a CPS and carry out the necessary actions to achieve a desired outcome, thus embodying the practical implementation of control logic.

Other choices do not align with the fundamental definition of an actuator: The option that suggests a device responsible for data collection pertains more to sensors, while the option referring to a processor that manages communication addresses the role of a controller or communication module in a system. The option describing a memory storage unit relates to data retention and does not describe the active role of executing commands. Thus, the definition pointing to a component that executes user commands encapsulates the primary function of an actuator in a CPS node.